All our great tea-masters were students of Zen and attempted to introduce the
spirit of Zennism into the actualities of life. Thus the room, like the other
equipments of the tea-ceremony, reflects many of the Zen doctrines. The size of
the orthodox tea-room, which is four mats and a falf, or ten feet square, is
determined by a passage in the Sutra of Vikramadytia. In that interesting work,
Vikramadytia welcomes the Saint Manjushiri and eighty-four thousand disciples
of Buddha in a room of this size - an allegory based on the theory of the
non-existence of space to the truly enlightened. Again the roji, the garden
path which leads from the machiai to the tea-room, signifed the first stage of
meditation - the passage into self-illumination. The roji was intended to break
connection with the outside world, and to produce a fresh sensation conducive
to the full enjoyment of aestheticism in the tea-room itself. One who has
trodden this garden path cannot fail to remember how his spirit, as he walked
in the twilight of evergreens over the regular irregularities of the
stepping-stones, beneath which lay dried pine needles, and passed beside the
moss-covered granite lanterns, became uplifted above ordinary thoughts. One may
be in the midst of a city, and yet feel as if he were in the forest far away
from the dust and din of civilisation. Great was the ingenuity displayed by the
tea-masters in producing these effects of serenity and purity. The nature of
the sensations to be aroused in passing through the roji differed with
different tea-masters. Some, like Rikiu, aimed at utter loneliness, and claimed
the secret of making a roji was contained in the ancient ditty: I looked beyond; Flowers are not, Nor tinted leaves. On the sea beach A solitary cottage stands In the waving light Of an autumn eve. Others, like Kobori Enshiu, sought for a different effect. Enshiu said the idea of the garden path was to be found in the following verses: A cluster of summer trees, A bit of the sea, A pale evening moon. It is not difficult to gather his meaning. He wished to create the attitude of a newly awakened soul atill lingering amid shadowy dreams of the past, yet bathing in the sweet unconsciousness of a mellow spiritual light, and yearning for the freedom that lay in the expanse beyond. われわれの偉大な茶の宗匠たちは、みな禅の修行者であった。そうして、禅宗の精神 を生活の現実のなかに導きいれようと試みたのである。だから茶室は、茶の湯のその他 の仕度と同様、禅の教義の多くのものを反映している。正統な茶室の規模は四畳半すな わち10フィートの正方形( 見渡したが 花はない、 紅葉もない。 渚には 淋しい 秋の夕べの あせゆく光の中に。 (見渡せば花も紅葉もなかりけり浦のとまやの秋の夕暮れ) 他の人々は、 ひとむらの いささかの海、 蒼い夕月。 (夕月夜海すこしある木の間かな) 彼の意味するところは、推察するに難くない。彼は、過去の影のような夢のさ中にな おまだ |
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