Russia
 
The Amber Room in the Catherine Palace, near Saint Petersburg
(L) German-Russian masterpiece, looted by Nazi Germany during the World
War 2.
(R) The Amber Room restored in 2003.
 
(L) Central Russian upland, near Zaravsk, Moscow Oblast (R) St. Nicholas
Cathedral at Zaravsk, built in 1681
Russia, officially known as the Russian Federation is a country in northern
Eurasia. The size
of land is about 17,000,000 sq km, the largest country in the world, covering
a ninth of
the area of Earth's land. The population is estimated over 141,000,000
in 2009.
Russia is known as an energy superpower. The country has the world's largest
natural-gas
reserves, the eighth biggest in oil reserves, and the second in coal reserves.
Russia is
the world's leading natural-gas producer and exporter. The oil production
in Russia
overtakes Saudi Arabia, making it the biggest producer of 'black gold'
in the world.
 
(L) Key oil and gas supply pipelines from Russia
(R) Regional product per capita in Russia, as of 2007
Darker color means the higher productivity.
 
5 Russian Rubles banknotes
St. Sophia Cathedral is on the obverse, while Novgorod Kremlin is on the
reverse.
 
Mt. Klyuchevskaya Sopka is a stratovolcano in the Kamchatka Peninsula.,
which is the highest (4,750 m) active volcano of Eurasia.
Its steep, symmetrical cone towers stand about 100 kms from the Bering
Sea.
(L) Space radar image of Klyuchevskaya Spoka. (R) Volcano Petropavlovsk,
Kamchatka Peninsula
 
(L) The brown bear is a symbol of Russia. (R) Kamchatka River, Kamchatka
Peninsula
The Chishima Islands (Kuril Islands) are located in the North Pacific Ocean,
between Kamchatka Peninsula
and Hokkaido. The northern islands are a part of Russia, and the southern
islands, Etorofu and Kunashiri,
are a part of Japan. These two islands were being occupied by Russia since
1945, when the Second World-
War ended. It would mean the same to that United States would still hold
the islands of Okinawa of Japan.
The long-lasting occupation of the Japanese own land by Russia, is entirely unjustified.
ロシア連邦
Source: University of Texas Libraries
ヨーロッパとアジアにまたがる連邦制共和国で首都はモスクワ。その国土は日本の45倍、アメリカの1.7倍にも達し、
南米大陸の大きさに近い国土がある。北極圏の人口は希薄だが、南の国境近くでは多数の民族が生活し、人口も
多くなる。1991年、ソ連崩壊後はロシア共和国と改名した。2000年に大統領となったプーチンは政府権力の強化に
乗り出し、その強硬路線は石油産出の恩恵を受け、さらに強化されている。
第二次大戦終了直前、ソ連は日ソ中立条約を破棄し南千島に侵攻、占領し､島に居住していた日本人を追い払った。
その後も一貫して日本への返還を拒否、戦争直後の侵略行為を正当化した。プーチン政権下の2000年以降は、
戦利品と称してロシアの領土としている。このように領土問題は、ロシアの国家としての不当な占拠により、65年
以上経過した現在も全く未解決のままである。
 Special Note: Northern Territories is a Japan's inherent Island.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Russia will introduce a high speed train.
 .
Russia's first high speed train arrived in St Petersburg from Moscow.
Source: Garant-InfoCentre
Russia's highest speed railway is the Moscow-St. Petersburg Railway, with
a speed of 250 kms/h.
The first upgraded 250 km/h train started to run in December 2009. Plans
for the railway service
between St. Petersburg and Helsinki at the average speed of 230 kms/h.
This would allow a traveling
time to 3 hours, cut from 3 hours 45 minutes. Recently, serious talks with
Japanese firm to use
Shinkansen for the Moscow-Sochi route.
ロシアでははやぶさの意味の「サプサン」と名付けられた高速鉄道が運行される。2009年12月の開業に
向け走行試験を重ねている。高速列車は首都モスクワと第２の都市、サンクトペテルブルグ間、650キロを
3時間45分で結ぶ。ロシア鉄道ではドイツのシーメンス社から「サプサン」の車両80台を、整備費を含めて
6億3000万ユーロ（783億円）で購入した。寒さの厳しいロシアの冬に対応したメカニズムを搭載し、氷点下
40度の中でも列車内の温度を保つため、冷たい外気をモーターの冷却に利用し、モーターの熱を車内に
送り込むとしている。他にモスクワと工業都市、ニジノ・ノヴコロド間にも最高時速300キロ以上の高速
鉄道専用軌道を敷設する計画があり、日本の新幹線の安全性を高く評価し、新線にそのシステムを採用
することを検討している。
  
A high speed train of Russia runs between Moscow and St.Petersburg, at
650km-distance, in 3hours 45minites,
with the highest speed of 250 kms/h.
  
Russia's first high speed train links St. Petersburg, Moscow and Nizhny
Novgorod.
 
Russia's deputy prime minister and senator admitted the safety of Japanse
high speed train, Shinkansen,
which had no big train accident with victims in the past 40 years.
Source: NHK broadcast, January 9, 2009.
Boris Kustodiev's world of painting in Russia
Boris Mikhaylovich Kustodiev, 1978-1927, was a Russian painter and stage
designer. He visited France and
Spain on a grant from the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1904. He traveled
to Italy, Austria and Germany,
and again France and Italy. During these years, he painted many portraits
and genre pieces. Later, he was
back once more 'in our blessed Russian land'.
Source: Wikipedia.
 
(L) Bolshevik, a visual representation of the Russian Revolution, 1920
(R) Country, 1919
  
(L) Domovoi peeping at the sleeping merchant wife, 1922
(M) Russian venus with birch twigs in a rural banya, a Russian type sauna,
1926
(R) Self-portrait of Boris Kustodiev in 1912
 
(L) The Merchant's wife, 1918 (R) Portrait of Renee Notgaft, 1914
 
(L) Promenade along the Volga, 1909 (R) Portrait of Renee Notgaft, 1914
 
(L) Fair, 1910 (R) Pancake Tuesday/Maslenitsa, 1916
Russian Parliament ratifies WHO's FCTC.
( Framework Convention on Tobacco Control )
NHK BS on April 12, 2008 broadcasts Russia is to ratify FCTC.
ロシア下院議会は2008年4月11日、喫煙による健康障害を減らそうとするＷＨＯタバコ規制条約批准をほぼ満場
一致で可決した。ＲＴＲテレビはタバコ産業の強力な抵抗を打ち破ったことが信じられないという面持ちの議員も
いたと報道している。
 
(L) A member of Russian parliament is talking to a tobacco company not
to disturb their effort
to restrict the tobacco use.
(R) The 99.3% of diet members voted yes to ratify the WHO treaty (FCTC).
議会でタバコ会社に呼びかけるドラガノフ議員
タバコ規制に関する条約批准に全議員の９９．３％が賛成票を投じたことを報ずるロシアＲＴＲ, エルテーエル
下院で3分の2以上の勢力を持つ統一ロシア党のドラガノフ議員は、「タバコ産業は、どうか妨害しないで寛大さを
示し、政府と議会に協力して欲しい。年内に法改正に向け社会的責任を果たしてもらいたい」と呼びかけた。
一方、自由民主党のジリノフスキー党首は「条約を悪用しないで欲しい。タバコはストレスを取り除くのに有効だし、
クリエーテブな人はすべて喫煙者である。人間の欠点を取り除こうと急げば急ぐほど、革命が起こる」と発言、
ラテンアメリカの例を取り上げた。
ロシア国内の喫煙者は総人口の70％にも達し、米国の24％の3倍近くである。喫茶店や鉄道の駅ではタバコの
煙が流れ、喫煙室やビル階段室は、喫煙者で満席である。まるで明日から喫煙が禁止されるので、これで
タバコの吸い納めといわんばかりと、タバコをむさぼるように吸い込む男女の映像を流し、解説している。
 
(L) The chart shows a comparison of smoker rates to total population, between
Russia and The United States. (Russia RTR)
(R) Smokers in the smoking booth in Russia
ロシア下院健康委員会委員長は「禁煙を法律で決めるだけでは何も解決しない。喫煙できる場所を大きく制限し、
タバコ包装には、タバコを吸う人が必ず分かるような警告表示を行うことが大切」「なぜ禁煙が必要なのか、
国民への説明を十分行う必要がある」と述べている。
ロシアがタバコ枠組み条約を批准すると、規制の開始時期は90日後で、タバコを吸える場所は制限され、規制は
段階的に強化される。タバコ広告は廃止され、公共的な場所での喫煙は禁止される。5年間かけてタバコ規制に
関する法整備を完了する。その暁には社会は大きく変わると思われる。
引用 ロシアＲＴＲテレビ（2008年４月１１日）
The picture shows a smoking scene during a discission at a research institute
in Russia.
ロシア・プーチン政権のブレーンと言われている社会計画研究所で、タバコを吸いながら討議
引用 2008年12月 NHK BS放送
Tobacco Control in Russia
The lower house of the Russian parliament has ratified the WHO's FCTC to
ban smoking in public places.
If the bill is fully approved by the upper house, new anti-smoke laws will
come into force for one of the biggest
cigarette-smoking populations in the world. The legislation will prohibit
smoking in workplaces, restaurants,
enclosed sports facilities and government offices. However, most people
worry about the effect of new law,
since the current smoking ban on public transport is widely ignored. Smoking
and heavy alcohol consumption
are two of Russia's important public health problems, contributing to the
country's declining average life span.
Source: BBC NEWS November 12,2004.
Russian lawmakers consider public smoking ban.
In Russia, a stale cigarette smoke hangs over restaurants and bars, there
are few non-smoking areas. On the
long-distance trains that criss-cross Russia, smokers lurk at the back
of carriages; they congregate in
overcrowded smoking zones of airports, or male toilets to put on cigarettes
besides the urinals before
boarding their flights.
Now, the parliament is considering the Health Minister Tatyana Golikova'
s request to change the law and ban
smoking in bars, nightclubs, restaurants and casinos with the areas of
under 50 sq meters, followed two years
later, by a total ban on smoking in public places. Nightclub owners in
Moscow were not thrilled at the prospect
of a smoking ban. "In New York, only 20 percent of the nightclubs
survived after the smoking was prohibited
even though the climate allows people to go outside and smoke," said
the owner of two of Moscow's best-known
nightclubs, Georgy Petrushin. Cigarettes cost about $1 a packet in Russia,
posters advertising the joy of smoking
plaster the streets and many high-profile public figures smoke. However,
the government wants to promote
a healthier lifestyle in a country where the average life expectancy for
men is under 60, far lower than in
western Europe, and the population is declining.
Source: Reuters Moscow Feb 20, 2009
煙草消費制限法
ロシア国家会議の健康維持委員会は、ロシアの関係部門は国家戦略として禁煙措置を制定しており、
『煙草消費制限法』を公布する予定で、この法案は2009年秋の国家会議の審議に付される模様である。
引用 2009.5.30 China Radio International.
Russian Minister Urges Citizens To Smoke, Drink More
Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin is urging his country's citizens
to smoke more cigarettes and
drink more alcohol, as indulging those habits can apparently do wonders
for the local economy.
Kudrin's unconventional advice comes just as Russia prepares to raise excise
duty on both tobacco
and alcohol sales -- and higher consumption of both commodities could help
lift tax revenues for
spending on social services. People should understand: Those who drink,
those who smoke are doing
more to help the state," Kudrin said, as quoted by the Interfax news
agency. "If you smoke a pack
of cigarettes, that means you are giving more to help solve social problems
such as boosting demographics,
developing the other social services and upholding birth rates. At present,
Russian duties on cigarettes
are among the lowest in Europe, with most brands priced at around 40 rubles
(roughly $1.30) per pack,
according to reports. In June, Russia's Finance Ministry announced plans
that could effectively raise
the price from 250 rubles per 1,000 filtered cigarettes to 590 rubles ($19.20)
by 2013. Given that
65 percent of the nation's men smoke cigarettes, and the average Russian
consumes 19 liters of alcohol
(mostly vodka) each year, the price increase is likely to be unpopular.
Source: www.huffingtonpost.com. September 1, 2010
最近、ロシアに数年間、滞在していたという日本人女性の話によると、モスクワなどの大都市の飲食店は
スターバックスを除くと、ほとんど分煙となっており、完全禁煙の店は見当たらない。長距離列車内でも
タバコの煙が漂ってくるとのことで、ロシアでは未だに喫煙規制後進国のそしりを免れない。国の税金を
増やすため、酒と煙草とを推奨し、警察署全部がマフィアと組んで一般市民から金をまきあげていたと
いうお国柄、他国の土地､南千島を不法占拠し、大統領がそこを訪問、日本国民の感情を逆撫ですると
いう無頼漢ぶりが、ロシアへの信用を失墜させている。
 2008年4月執筆 2008年12月加筆 2009年5月加筆 2009年12月加筆 2010年11月加筆
「禁煙席ネット」主宰 日本禁煙学会認定専門医 医学博士 宮本順伯
本文および写真の著作権は宮本順伯に帰属
★「禁煙席ネット」へのリンクは自由
These articles were written in April, December 2008, May, December 2009
and November 2010,
by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.
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