Brazil


Amazon rainforest, the largest tropical forest in the world


The total area of the country of Brazil is 8,514,877km2. The population is estimated
about 191,000,000 in 2009.


After the endless battles, Brazil declared the independence from Portugal in 1822. It was later recognized in 1825.
(L) The Portuguese and their American Indian and African allies expanded the Brazilian territory through endless
wars of conquest. (R) Declaration of the Brazilian Independence in 1822


Official language is Poryuguse. The largest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo. The capital is Brasillia.
The GDP was US$ 1,994 trillion, and annual GDP growth was 5.7% in 2008. Main industries
are following:
airplanes industry, steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum,
cement, chemicals and fertilizers, consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics,
food processing, transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives,
ships, and aircraft; electronics, telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch
vehicles, satellites, real state, brewing, and tourism.
Source: Wikipedia


Source: University of Texas Libraries


Brasilia, the capital of Brazil


ブラジル議会は2009年4月、公共的施設の閉鎖空間内での喫煙を禁止する法案を賛成、
69票、反対、18票で可決した。サンパウロ市で既に実施していた受動喫煙防止法をさらに
厳格化したもので、屋内でタバコが吸えるのは自宅だけとなった。違反した場合、喫煙者に
罰金はないようだが、施設責任者には罰金が科せられる。

世界的な公共的施設での喫煙規制の潮流の中、ブラジルで公共的施設での全面禁煙を賛成票
多数で可決実行に移す。法令は2009年8月から施行される。最大の都市サンパウロの市民の
88%がレストトラン、バーでの喫煙規制に対し賛成している。

タバコの価格は2009年5月から20％以上値上げされる。ダンヒル・カートンの価格は3.60レアル
から4.50レアルへ、マールボーロが3.40レアルから4.25レアルに上がる（１リアルは約45円）。
引用 2009年4月9日　ニッケイ新聞
引用 2009年4月18日 Sao Paulo-Shimbun

Smoking ban in public places in Brazil

Sao Paulo, the most important Latin American state in economic terms, became the first
in Brazil to adopt the complete smoke free law, being followed by Rio de Janeiro. Under the
new regulation, there will not be a smoking section in any place around the state. The
ordinance will become effective from August 2009 with smoking forbidden in all indoor and
enclosed public spaces such as bars and restaurants, clubs, shopping malls, movie theaters,
banks, supermarkets, bakeries, health facilities, government offices and schools.

Sao Paulo's government has raised 500 specialized agents to make sure the rule is respected
at all times. The first team trained to warn smokers about the risk for their health.

As soon as the new law becomes effective, anybody violating it will be charged with a fine.
Public sites can be punished with a maximum fine of R $ 1,585,00 ( Brazilian currency ).
If there is a second infraction, the site will be closed. Poll surveys showed 88% of residents
in Sao Paulo support the Smoke Free Law.


View on Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara Bay from Corcovado Mountain


Brazil, the country in progress for the future

Federative Republic of Brazil is a country in South America. It is the fifth largest and most
populous country in the South America.

Brazil was a colony of Portugal from 1500 until its independence in 1822. The area is the
world's eighth largest economy at market. Economic reforms have given the country new
international projection. Brazil is a home to diversity of wild life, natural environments, and
extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats.

The climate of Brazil varies considerably from the tropical north (Amazon) to the south
lower temperature zone. There is a little seasonal variation near the equator. At the country's
other extreme, frosting and snowfalls are observed on the high plateau and mountainous
areas of some states during winter.
Source: Wikipedia

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Month Average Sunlight (hours) Temperature Discomfort from heat and humidity Relative humidity Average Precipitation (mm) Wet Days (+0.25 mm) Average Record Min Max Min Max am pm Jan 7 23 29 16 39 High 82 70 125 13 Feb 7 23 29 17 37 High 84 71 122 11 March 7 22 28 18 36 Medium 87 74 130 12 April 6 21 27 16 34 Medium 87 73 107 10 May 6 19 25 13 35 Medium 87 70 79 10 June 6 18 24 11 32 Moderate 87 69 53 7 July 6 17 24 11 33 Moderate 86 68 41 7 Aug 7 18 24 12 34 Moderate 84 66 43 7 Sept 5 18 24 10 38 Moderate 84 72 66 11 Oct 5 19 25 14 39 Medium 83 72 79 13 Nov 6 20 26 15 38 Medium 82 72 104 13 Dec 6 22 28 13 39 Medium 82 72 137 14 Souce: BBC Whether Center 2009

Brazil to ban flavored cigarettes, including menthol

Brazil is to ban the sale of flavored tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes, across
the country, according to a Global Post story. The Anvisa, National Health Surveillance Agency,
announced the ban of the additives used exclusively in these products were what lured
many young people to start consuming tobacco. Tobacco manufacturers will have 18 months
from when Anvisa's decision is officially published to pull their flavored cigarettes from the
national market, and 24 months to pull other same kinds of tobacco products from the shelves.

Manufacturers will still be allowed to add sugar to Brazilian-made tobacco products and
those imported into the country, and will be allowed to manufacture flavored tobacco products
in Brazil for export. Tobacco industry representatives were said to have been in favor of
prohibiting additives that created cigarettes with flavor, but that they had wanted to continue
to be able to sell menthol products. The industry said there was no scientific proof that
menthol made cigarettes more palatable or addictive than did non-menthol cigarettes.

Source: Tobacco Reporter March 21, 2012



Smoking Ban in South America
A Smoke-free, healthy, comfortable surrounding is the minimum standard for Olympic.
Pictorial Health Warning for Smoking in Brazil
A total smoking ban in Uruguay
Incomplete Smoking Ban in Portugal


　2009年10月執筆
「禁煙席ネット」　主宰　日本禁煙学会認定専門医　医学博士　宮本順伯
本文および写真の著作権は宮本順伯に帰属
写真複写禁止
★「禁煙席ネット」へのリンクは自由
The articles were written in October 2009, by Junhaku Miyamoto, M.D., PhD.